隐藏nginx、openresty版本号
隐藏nginx、openresty的版本号有什么用?
假设一个场景,nginx被爆出0.9-1.5的版本被爆出一个0day漏洞,
攻击者会先大量扫描匹配的nginx版本,然后实施攻击。
如果事先隐藏了会降低第一时间被攻击的风险
在 http {} 中间配置增加
server_tokens off;
在http头中从原来的
Server: nginx/1.0.15 变为 Server: nginx
Server: openresty/1.11.2.3 变为 Server: openresty
nginx 日志格式化完整增强版
本完整增强版主要解决了后端执行时间的记录、哪台后端处理的、日志集中化后日志来自于哪台服务器ip、cdn传过来的客户端ip等扩展等问题。
在默认的nginx日志上,扩展增加了http头中代理服务器ip($http_x_forwarded_for)、
http头中cdn保存的客户端用户真实IP($http_x_real_ip)、服务端ip($server_addr)、http头中host主机($host)、
请求时间($request_time)、后端返回时间($upstream_response_time)、后端地址($upstream_addr)、
URI($uri)、ISO 8601标准时间($time_iso8601)
#log format
log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for" '
'"$http_x_real_ip" "$server_addr" "$host" '
'$request_time $upstream_response_time "$upstream_addr" '
'"$time_iso8601"';
nginx日志滚动切割
繁忙的nginx服务器每天都会产生大量的web日志,所以每天需要切割。
每天切割的日志需要保留一段时间,更老的日志需要删除,专业叫法叫做日志滚动类似于视频监控,
所需要保留一定时间的日志还需要删除更老的日志。
很多人喜欢手动用bash shell去写nginx的日志切割滚动配合定时计划任务执行执行。
其实用系统自带的logrotate更好。
新建文件
/etc/logrotate.d/nginx
写入
/data/wwwlogs/*.log {
#设置权限
su root www
#以天为周期分割日志
daily
#最小 比如每日分割 但如果大小未到 1024M 则不分割
minsize 1024M
#最大 当日志文件超出 2048M 时,即便再下一个时间周期之前 日志也会被分割
maxsize 2048M
#保留七天
rotate 7
#忽略错误
missingok
#如果文件为空则不分割 not if empty
notifempty
#以日期为单位
dateext
#以大小为限制做日志分割 size 会覆盖分割周期配置 1024 1024k 1024M 1024G
size 1024M
#开始执行附加的脚本命令 nginx写日志是按照文件索引进行的 必须重启服务才能写入新日志文件
sharedscripts
postrotate
if [ -f /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid ]; then
#重启nginx服务
kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`
fi
endscript
}
elastic stack elk日志系统
采集的日志需要格式化格式,要么在采集端做,要么在入库elasticsearch的时候做。
在nginx中直接配置输出的日志就是json格式,可以减少格式化日志的cpu开销
在日志采集端,用filebeat、或者logstash作为日志采集工具可以不做任务的格式化处理,
仅仅采集json格式的文本即可。
log_format logstash_json '{"@timestamp":"$time_iso8601",'
'"host":"$server_addr",'
'"clientip":"$remote_addr",'
'"remote_addr":"$remote_addr",'
'"http_x_forwarded_for":"$http_x_forwarded_for",'
'"http_x_real_ip":"$http_x_real_ip",'
'"http_cf_connecting_ip":"$http_cf_connecting_ip",'
'"size":$body_bytes_sent,'
'"responsetime":$request_time,'
'"upstreamtime":"$upstream_response_time",'
'"upstreamhost":"$upstream_addr",'
'"http_host":"$host",'
'"request":"$request",'
'"url":"$uri",'
'"referer":"$http_referer",'
'"agent":"$http_user_agent",'
'"status":"$status"}';
nginx反向代理
listen 80;
#listen [::]:80;
server_name proxy.iamle.com;
location / {
#auth_basic "Password please";
#auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:5601/;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
nginx反向代理的时候要支持后端服务器为DDNS动态域名
server_name proxy.iamle.com;
resolver 1.1.1.1 valid=3s;
set $HassHost "http://backend.iamle.com:999";
location / {
#auth_basic "Password please";
#auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/htpasswd;
proxy_pass $HassHost;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header X-NginX-Proxy true;
}
nginx 反向代理 WebScoket
location /api/ {
proxy_pass http://webscoket:80/;
# WebScoket Support
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
#proxy_set_header Origin xxx;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header X-NginX-Proxy true;
}
nginx代理设置php pm status
php-fpm.conf设置
pm.status_path = /phpfpm-status-www
phpfpm.conf
server
{
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location ~ ^/(phpfpm-status-www|phpstatuswww)$
{
fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
include fastcgi.conf;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $fastcgi_script_name;
}
}
nginx 域名SEO优化 301
把 iamle.com 默认 301到 www.iamle.com
listen 80;
server_name www.iamle.com iamle.com;
if ($host != 'www.iamle.com' ) {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ https://www.iamle.com/$1 permanent;
}
nginx 全站http跳转https
server{
listen 80;
server_name www.iamle.com;
return 301 https://www.iamle.com$request_uri;
}
server {
listen 443 ssl http2;
ssl on;
ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/conf/ssl/www.iamle.com.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/conf/ssl/www.iamle.com.key;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
ssl_session_timeout 10m;
ssl_session_tickets off;
# intermediate configuration. tweak to your needs.
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
ssl_ciphers 'ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:AES128-GCM-SHA256:AES256-GCM-SHA384:AES128-SHA256:AES256-SHA256:AES128-SHA:AES256-SHA:DES-CBC3-SHA:!DSS';
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# HSTS (ngx_http_headers_module is required) (15768000 seconds = 6 months)
#add_header Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15768000;
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000; includeSubDomains; preload";
# OCSP Stapling ---
# fetch OCSP records from URL in ssl_certificate and cache them
ssl_stapling on;
ssl_stapling_verify on;
server_name www.iamle.com;
# ....
}
XSS、Ifram
add_header X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN;
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
add_header X-Xss-Protection "1; mode=block";
nginx http2 openssl 支持情况介绍
Supporting HTTP/2 for Website Visitors
ssl https 证书配置生成巩固
Mozilla SSL Configuration Generator
nginx+php 开启OPCACHE 并且使用软连接发布
软连接的方式发布新版本php代码,但是因为OPCACHE未及时更新某些时候会导致502错误
2个方式,方式1直接在nginx这里自动更新最新路径,方式2刷新php-fpm的缓存
下面是方式1
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $realpath_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $realpath_root;
Cache invalidation for scripts in symlinked folders
Symfony Configuring a Web Server
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