1、aide介绍

AIDE(Adevanced Intrusion Detection Environment,高级入侵检测环境)是个入侵检测工具，主要用途是检查文本的完整性。

AIDE能够构造一个指定文档的数据库，他使用aide.conf作为其配置文档。AIDE数据库能够保存文档的各种属性，包括：权限(permission)、索引节点序号(inode number)、所属用户(user)、所属用户组(group)、文档大小、最后修改时间(mtime)、创建时间(ctime)、最后访问时间(atime)、增加的大小连同连接数。AIDE还能够使用下列算法：sha1、md5、rmd160、tiger，以密文形式建立每个文档的校验码或散列号。

常见的入侵检测软件： tripwire–操作比较复杂,aide–用以代替tripwire,比较简单.

2、aide安装配置使用

#yum rpm二进制安装

yum -y install aide

我的配置文件

mv /etc/aide.conf /etc/aide.conf.bak

vim /etc/aide.conf

# Example configuration file for AIDE.

@@define DBDIR /var/lib/aide #基准数据库目录
@@define LOGDIR /var/log/aide #日志目录

# The location of the database to be read.
database=file:@@{DBDIR}/aide.db.gz #基础数据库文件

# The location of the database to be written.
#database_out=sql:host:port:database:login_name:passwd:table
#database_out=file:aide.db.new
database_out=file:@@{DBDIR}/aide.db.new.gz #更新数据库文件

# Whether to gzip the output to database
gzip_dbout=yes

# Default.
verbose=5

report_url=file:@@{LOGDIR}/aide.log
report_url=stdout
#report_url=stderr
#NOT IMPLEMENTED report_url=mailto:root@foo.com
#NOT IMPLEMENTED report_url=syslog:LOG_AUTH

# These are the default rules.
#
#p:      permissions
#i:      inode:
#n:      number of links
#u:      user
#g:      group
#s:      size
#b:      block count
#m:      mtime
#a:      atime
#c:      ctime
#S:      check for growing size
#acl:           Access Control Lists
#selinux        SELinux security context
#xattrs:        Extended file attributes
#md5:    md5 checksum
#sha1:   sha1 checksum
#sha256:        sha256 checksum
#sha512:        sha512 checksum
#rmd160: rmd160 checksum
#tiger:  tiger checksum

#haval:  haval checksum (MHASH only)
#gost:   gost checksum (MHASH only)
#crc32:  crc32 checksum (MHASH only)
#whirlpool:     whirlpool checksum (MHASH only)

#R:             p+i+n+u+g+s+m+c+acl+selinux+xattrs+md5
#L:             p+i+n+u+g+acl+selinux+xattrs
#E:             Empty group
#>:             Growing logfile p+u+g+i+n+S+acl+selinux+xattrs
R = p+i+n+u+g+s+m+c+acl+selinux+xattrs+md5
L = p+i+n+u+g+acl+selinux+xattrs
> = p+u+g+i+n+S+acl+selinux+xattrs


# You can create custom rules like this.
# With MHASH...
# ALLXTRAHASHES = sha1+rmd160+sha256+sha512+whirlpool+tiger+haval+gost+crc32
ALLXTRAHASHES = sha1+rmd160+sha256+sha512+tiger
# Everything but access time (Ie. all changes)
EVERYTHING = R+ALLXTRAHASHES

# Sane, with multiple hashes
# NORMAL = R+rmd160+sha256+whirlpool
NORMAL = R+rmd160+sha256

# For directories, don't bother doing hashes
DIR = p+i+n+u+g+acl+selinux+xattrs

# Access control only
PERMS = p+i+u+g+acl+selinux

# Logfile are special, in that they often change
LOG = >

# Just do md5 and sha256 hashes
LSPP = R+sha256

# Some files get updated automatically, so the inode/ctime/mtime change
# but we want to know when the data inside them changes
DATAONLY =  p+n+u+g+s+acl+selinux+xattrs+md5+sha256+rmd160+tiger

# Next decide what directories/files you want in the database.

/boot   NORMAL
/bin    NORMAL
/sbin   NORMAL
/lib    NORMAL
/lib64  NORMAL
/opt    NORMAL
/usr    NORMAL
/root   NORMAL
# These are too volatile
!/usr/src
!/usr/tmp
!/usr/share #通过文件路径前面加感叹号 ! 排除这个路径的监控,请自定义
# Check only permissions, inode, user and group for /etc, but
# cover some important files closely.
/etc    PERMS
!/etc/mtab
# Ignore backup files
!/etc/.*~
/etc/exports  NORMAL
/etc/fstab    NORMAL
/etc/passwd   NORMAL
/etc/group    NORMAL
/etc/gshadow  NORMAL
/etc/shadow   NORMAL
/etc/security/opasswd   NORMAL

/etc/hosts.allow   NORMAL
/etc/hosts.deny    NORMAL

/etc/sudoers NORMAL
/etc/skel NORMAL

/etc/logrotate.d NORMAL

/etc/resolv.conf DATAONLY

/etc/nscd.conf NORMAL
/etc/securetty NORMAL

# Shell/X starting files
/etc/profile NORMAL
/etc/bashrc NORMAL
/etc/bash_completion.d/ NORMAL
/etc/login.defs NORMAL
/etc/zprofile NORMAL
/etc/zshrc NORMAL
/etc/zlogin NORMAL
/etc/zlogout NORMAL
/etc/profile.d/ NORMAL
/etc/X11/ NORMAL

# Pkg manager
/etc/yum.conf NORMAL
/etc/yumex.conf NORMAL
/etc/yumex.profiles.conf NORMAL
/etc/yum/ NORMAL
/etc/yum.repos.d/ NORMAL

/var/log   LOG
/var/run/utmp LOG

# This gets new/removes-old filenames daily
!/var/log/sa
# As we are checking it, we've truncated yesterdays size to zero.
!/var/log/aide.log

# LSPP rules...
# AIDE produces an audit record, so this becomes perpetual motion.
# /var/log/audit/ LSPP
/etc/audit/ LSPP
/etc/libaudit.conf LSPP
/usr/sbin/stunnel LSPP
/var/spool/at LSPP
/etc/at.allow LSPP
/etc/at.deny LSPP
/etc/cron.allow LSPP
/etc/cron.deny LSPP
/etc/cron.d/ LSPP
/etc/cron.daily/ LSPP
/etc/cron.hourly/ LSPP
/etc/cron.monthly/ LSPP
/etc/cron.weekly/ LSPP
/etc/crontab LSPP
/var/spool/cron/root LSPP

/etc/login.defs LSPP
/etc/securetty LSPP
/var/log/faillog LSPP
/var/log/lastlog LSPP

/etc/hosts LSPP
/etc/sysconfig LSPP

/etc/inittab LSPP
/etc/grub/ LSPP
/etc/rc.d LSPP

/etc/ld.so.conf LSPP

/etc/localtime LSPP

/etc/sysctl.conf LSPP

/etc/modprobe.conf LSPP

/etc/pam.d LSPP
/etc/security LSPP
/etc/aliases LSPP
/etc/postfix LSPP

/etc/ssh/sshd_config LSPP
/etc/ssh/ssh_config LSPP

/etc/stunnel LSPP

/etc/vsftpd.ftpusers LSPP
/etc/vsftpd LSPP

/etc/issue LSPP
/etc/issue.net LSPP

/etc/cups LSPP

# With AIDE's default verbosity level of 5, these would give lots of
# warnings upon tree traversal. It might change with future version.
#
#=/lost\+found    DIR
#=/home           DIR

# Ditto /var/log/sa reason...
!/var/log/and-httpd

# Admins dot files constantly change, just check perms
/root/\..* PERMS

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# Example configuration file for AIDE.

@@define DBDIR /var/lib/aide #基准数据库目录

@@define LOGDIR /var/log/aide #日志目录

# The location of the database to be read.

database=file:@@{DBDIR}/aide.db.gz #基础数据库文件

# The location of the database to be written.

#database_out=sql:host:port:database:login_name:passwd:table

#database_out=file:aide.db.new

database_out=file:@@{DBDIR}/aide.db.new.gz #更新数据库文件

# Whether to gzip the output to database

gzip_dbout=yes

# Default.

verbose=5

report_url=file:@@{LOGDIR}/aide.log

report_url=stdout

#report_url=stderr

#NOT IMPLEMENTED report_url=mailto:root@foo.com

#NOT IMPLEMENTED report_url=syslog:LOG_AUTH

# These are the default rules.

#p: permissions

#i: inode:

#n: number of links

#u: user

#g: group

#s: size

#b: block count

#m: mtime

#a: atime

#c: ctime

#S: check for growing size

#acl: Access Control Lists

#selinux SELinux security context

#xattrs: Extended file attributes

#md5: md5 checksum

#sha1: sha1 checksum

#sha256: sha256 checksum

#sha512: sha512 checksum

#rmd160: rmd160 checksum

#tiger: tiger checksum

#haval: haval checksum (MHASH only)

#gost: gost checksum (MHASH only)

#crc32: crc32 checksum (MHASH only)

#whirlpool: whirlpool checksum (MHASH only)

#R: p+i+n+u+g+s+m+c+acl+selinux+xattrs+md5

#L: p+i+n+u+g+acl+selinux+xattrs

#E: Empty group

#>: Growing logfile p+u+g+i+n+S+acl+selinux+xattrs

R = p+i+n+u+g+s+m+c+acl+selinux+xattrs+md5

L = p+i+n+u+g+acl+selinux+xattrs

> = p+u+g+i+n+S+acl+selinux+xattrs

# You can create custom rules like this.

# With MHASH...

# ALLXTRAHASHES = sha1+rmd160+sha256+sha512+whirlpool+tiger+haval+gost+crc32

ALLXTRAHASHES = sha1+rmd160+sha256+sha512+tiger

# Everything but access time (Ie. all changes)

EVERYTHING = R+ALLXTRAHASHES

# Sane, with multiple hashes

# NORMAL = R+rmd160+sha256+whirlpool

NORMAL = R+rmd160+sha256

# For directories, don't bother doing hashes

DIR = p+i+n+u+g+acl+selinux+xattrs

# Access control only

PERMS = p+i+u+g+acl+selinux

# Logfile are special, in that they often change

LOG = >

# Just do md5 and sha256 hashes

LSPP = R+sha256

# Some files get updated automatically, so the inode/ctime/mtime change

# but we want to know when the data inside them changes

DATAONLY = p+n+u+g+s+acl+selinux+xattrs+md5+sha256+rmd160+tiger

# Next decide what directories/files you want in the database.

/boot NORMAL

/bin NORMAL

/sbin NORMAL

/lib NORMAL

/lib64 NORMAL

/opt NORMAL

/usr NORMAL

/root NORMAL

# These are too volatile

!/usr/src

!/usr/tmp

!/usr/share #通过文件路径前面加感叹号 ! 排除这个路径的监控,请自定义

# Check only permissions, inode, user and group for /etc, but

# cover some important files closely.

/etc PERMS

!/etc/mtab

# Ignore backup files

!/etc/.*~

/etc/exports NORMAL

/etc/fstab NORMAL

/etc/passwd NORMAL

/etc/group NORMAL

/etc/gshadow NORMAL

/etc/shadow NORMAL

/etc/security/opasswd NORMAL

/etc/hosts.allow NORMAL

/etc/hosts.deny NORMAL

/etc/sudoers NORMAL

/etc/skel NORMAL

/etc/logrotate.d NORMAL

/etc/resolv.conf DATAONLY

/etc/nscd.conf NORMAL

/etc/securetty NORMAL

# Shell/X starting files

/etc/profile NORMAL

/etc/bashrc NORMAL

/etc/bash_completion.d/ NORMAL

/etc/login.defs NORMAL

/etc/zprofile NORMAL

/etc/zshrc NORMAL

/etc/zlogin NORMAL

/etc/zlogout NORMAL

/etc/profile.d/ NORMAL

/etc/X11/ NORMAL

# Pkg manager

/etc/yum.conf NORMAL

/etc/yumex.conf NORMAL

/etc/yumex.profiles.conf NORMAL

/etc/yum/ NORMAL

/etc/yum.repos.d/ NORMAL

/var/log LOG

/var/run/utmp LOG

# This gets new/removes-old filenames daily

!/var/log/sa

# As we are checking it, we've truncated yesterdays size to zero.

!/var/log/aide.log

# LSPP rules...

# AIDE produces an audit record, so this becomes perpetual motion.

# /var/log/audit/ LSPP

/etc/audit/ LSPP

/etc/libaudit.conf LSPP

/usr/sbin/stunnel LSPP

/var/spool/at LSPP

/etc/at.allow LSPP

/etc/at.deny LSPP

/etc/cron.allow LSPP

/etc/cron.deny LSPP

/etc/cron.d/ LSPP

/etc/cron.daily/ LSPP

/etc/cron.hourly/ LSPP

/etc/cron.monthly/ LSPP

/etc/cron.weekly/ LSPP

/etc/crontab LSPP

/var/spool/cron/root LSPP

/etc/login.defs LSPP

/etc/securetty LSPP

/var/log/faillog LSPP

/var/log/lastlog LSPP

/etc/hosts LSPP

/etc/sysconfig LSPP

/etc/inittab LSPP

/etc/grub/ LSPP

/etc/rc.d LSPP

/etc/ld.so.conf LSPP

/etc/localtime LSPP

/etc/sysctl.conf LSPP

/etc/modprobe.conf LSPP

/etc/pam.d LSPP

/etc/security LSPP

/etc/aliases LSPP

/etc/postfix LSPP

/etc/ssh/sshd_config LSPP

/etc/ssh/ssh_config LSPP

/etc/stunnel LSPP

/etc/vsftpd.ftpusers LSPP

/etc/vsftpd LSPP

/etc/issue LSPP

/etc/issue.net LSPP

/etc/cups LSPP

# With AIDE's default verbosity level of 5, these would give lots of

# warnings upon tree traversal. It might change with future version.

#=/lost\+found DIR

#=/home DIR

# Ditto /var/log/sa reason...

!/var/log/and-httpd

# Admins dot files constantly change, just check perms

/root/\..* PERMS

#初始化监控数据库(这需要一些时间)
/usr/sbin/aide -c /etc/aide.conf --init
 
#把当前初始化的数据库作为开始的基础数据库
cp /var/lib/aide/aide.db.new.gz /var/lib/aide/aide.db.gz
 
#如果是正常的改动 更新改动到基础数据库
aide --update
cd /var/lib/aide/
#覆盖替换旧的数据库
mv aide.db.new.gz aide.db.gz
 
#在终端中查看检测结果
aide --check
 
#检查文件改动 保存到文件
aide --check --report=file:/tmp/aide-report-`date +%Y%m%d`.txt
 
#定时任务执行aide检测报告和自动邮件发送aide检测报告(如果没有mail, yum install mail,还需要有本地邮件服务支持, yum install sendmail;/etc/init.d/sendmail start)
crontab -e
00 02 * * * /usr/sbin/aide -C -V4 | /bin/mail -s "AIDE REPORT $(date +%Y%m%d)"  root@localhost

#初始化监控数据库(这需要一些时间)

/usr/sbin/aide -c /etc/aide.conf --init

#把当前初始化的数据库作为开始的基础数据库

cp /var/lib/aide/aide.db.new.gz /var/lib/aide/aide.db.gz

#如果是正常的改动更新改动到基础数据库

aide --update

cd /var/lib/aide/

#覆盖替换旧的数据库

mv aide.db.new.gz aide.db.gz

#在终端中查看检测结果

aide --check

#检查文件改动保存到文件

aide --check --report=file:/tmp/aide-report-`date +%Y%m%d`.txt

#定时任务执行aide检测报告和自动邮件发送aide检测报告(如果没有mail, yum install mail,还需要有本地邮件服务支持, yum install sendmail;/etc/init.d/sendmail start)

crontab -e

00 02 * * * /usr/sbin/aide -C -V4 | /bin/mail -s "AIDE REPORT $(date +%Y%m%d)" root@localhost

-C参数和 –check是一个意思

-V 报告的详细程度可以通过-V选项来调控，级别为0-255， -V0 最简略，-V255 最详细。

[root@dev ~]# aide –help

Aide 0.14

Usage: aide [options] command

Commands:

-i, –initInitialize the database

-C, –checkCheck the database

-u, –updateCheck and update the database non-interactively

–compareCompare two databases

Miscellaneous:

-D, –config-checkTest the configuration file

-v, –versionShow version of AIDE and compilation options

-h, –helpShow this help message

Options:

-c [cfgfile]–config=[cfgfile]Get config options from [cfgfile]

-B “OPTION”–before=”OPTION”Before configuration file is read define OPTION

-A “OPTION”–after=”OPTION”After configuration file is read define OPTION

-r [reporter]–report=[reporter]Write report output to [reporter] url

-V[level]–verbose=[level]Set debug message level to [level]

4、使用中遇到的问题错误

执行 /usr/sbin/aide -c /etc/aide.conf –init 或者 aide -i 后报错

lgetfilecon_raw failed for /var/log/yum.log:No data available
lgetfilecon_raw failed for /var/log/messages.2:No data available
lgetfilecon_raw failed for /var/log/cron:No data available
lgetfilecon_raw failed for /var/log/messages.3:No data available
lgetfilecon_raw failed for /var/log/messages.1:No data available
lgetfilecon_raw failed for /var/log/sdsvrd.log:No data available
lgetfilecon_raw failed for /var/log/spooler.3:No data available
lgetfilecon_raw failed for /var/log/cron.3:No data available
lgetfilecon_raw failed for /var/log/cron.1:No data available
lgetfilecon_raw failed for /var/log/sdupdate.log:No data available
lgetfilecon_raw failed for /var/log/rsyncd.log:No data available
lgetfilecon_raw failed for /var/log/maillog.3:No data available
lgetfilecon_raw failed for /var/log/rpmpkgs.3:No data available
lgetfilecon_raw failed for /var/log/pm/suspend.log:No data available
lgetfilecon_raw failed for /var/log/prelink/prelink.log:No data available

以下配置项改为如下.

#/etc/aide.conf
ALLXTRAHASHES = sha1+rmd160+sha256+sha512+tiger
EVERYTHING = p+i+n+u+g+s+m+c+acl+xattrs+md5+ALLXTRAHASHES
NORMAL = p+i+n+u+g+s+m+c+acl+xattrs+md5+rmd160+sha256
DIR = p+i+n+u+g+acl+xattrs
PERMS = p+i+u+g+acl
LOG = p+u+g+i+n+S+acl+xattrs
LSPP = p+i+n+u+g+s+m+c+acl+xattrs+md5+sha256
DATAONLY = p+n+u+g+s+acl+xattrs+md5+sha256+rmd160+tiger

#/etc/aide.conf

ALLXTRAHASHES = sha1+rmd160+sha256+sha512+tiger

EVERYTHING = p+i+n+u+g+s+m+c+acl+xattrs+md5+ALLXTRAHASHES

NORMAL = p+i+n+u+g+s+m+c+acl+xattrs+md5+rmd160+sha256

DIR = p+i+n+u+g+acl+xattrs

PERMS = p+i+u+g+acl

LOG = p+u+g+i+n+S+acl+xattrs

LSPP = p+i+n+u+g+s+m+c+acl+xattrs+md5+sha256

DATAONLY = p+n+u+g+s+acl+xattrs+md5+sha256+rmd160+tiger

参考来源:How to Fix Aide “lgetfilecon_raw failed for / : No data available” errors

5、参考

官网 http://aide.sourceforge.net/

AIDE –Linux高级入侵检测 http://gupt12.blog.51cto.com/7651206/1263183

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使用AIDE做Linux高级入侵检测文件监控

1、aide介绍

2、aide安装配置使用

4、使用中遇到的问题错误

5、参考

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1、aide介绍

2、aide安装 配置使用

4、使用中遇到的问题 错误

5、参考

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4、使用中遇到的问题错误

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